Wednesday, September 2, 2020

Letter to Thomas Jefferson free essay sample

I am keeping in touch with you, to communicate my assessment on the Declaration of Independence. It is something that our nation is dependent on, so I feel as though I ought to be giving you my criticism on the issue. The Declaration is very elegantly composed and catches all the parts of what our opportunity ought to be, yet there are a couple of things I should call attention to, which I will get to later. There were not a huge amount of let downs, however it had a couple of focuses that stood apart as odd. I plan on giving you a decent measure of input regarding the matter, which should assist you with improving the general structure of the Declaration. The Declaration of Independence is written in an odd organization. Fortunately, it has been ordered extra time which has helped us to see each piece of it. This Declaration has influenced all that we do day and night all through America. We will compose a custom exposition test on Letter to Thomas Jefferson or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page A ton of what we approach doing, without the Declaration, we would not be permitted to do these things. For example, casting a ballot rights, same wages between sexual orientations, and so forth.. It radically has changed the world, as underdeveloped nations have received our methods of getting things done and put them in to rehearse over yonder. Everything in the Declaration of Independence all cooperates to make one things, Independence. This was the purpose behind it to be written in any case and there is nothing that can't be enjoyed about it. When understanding it, I wound up concurring with most of it. There was nothing that I couldn't help contradicting or I wouldn’t be living in this nation. It was so elegantly composed that it is difficult to differ with, except if you were the British at that point. One of the primary things that stood out to me would need to be the point at which you stressed equivalent rights among races and sexual orientations. By and large, it is elegantly composed and directly forthright. There are a huge amount of truly elegantly composed and thoroughly considered proclamations in it that raise extraordinary focuses. It is the thing that our Independence is dependent on, so it is something that is difficult to differ or be disillusioned with on the off chance that you live in America. On the off chance that you live outside of America, well you shouldn’t.

Friday, August 28, 2020

Electrical and electrochemical activities of heart Essay Example for Free

Electrical and electrochemical exercises of heart Essay Heart is the main organ of body it very well may be characterized as â€Å"The empty strong organ its musical conservation streams blood right all through the body†. (Heart electrical) Natural pace creator is built up in human heart, this pace producer begin working from right atria and ventricle it invigorates their muscles. Sinoarterial hub SAN is found in the middle of upper part of the heart, in the wake of invigorating right segment of heart it animates the left atria and ventricle a short time later adrenaline is emitted from sensory system which accelerate the sparkle electrical driving forces or in valuable words directs the electrical motivations. Ordinary heart thumps are 72 every moment except if there should arise an occurrence of running, working out, taking pressure high fever heart pulsates are expanded in light of the fact that Nervous framework discharge more adrenaline. Another persuading subject of our article covers is electrocardiogram that is the estimation of heart pulsates by unique terminal on paper or screen. So now in this article we will concentrate in detail administrative exercises of heart which variables are includes in guideline of heart pulsates and keeps heart ordinary and fiery, how these components are produced and how could they accomplish their work this is all we are going to concentrate in component to improve our understandings about realities of science. Electrical and electrochemical exercises of heart In human heart characteristic pace producer is discovered, the capacity which normally has been given to pace creator is to direct the heart for playing out this obligation it needs to go from altogether different stages. Pace producer is found in the unrivaled right part of heart that is Right chamber this is the spot from where the pace creator assembles the particular cells named as â€Å"Sino blood vessel hub â€Å"so these cells are additionally named as pace creator. As the heart thumps it produces the electrical sparkles every moment, the flash which has been created by specific cell, the capacity of these flashes is to animate the muscles. First it animates the better office of heart it has than hold up except if the atria get vacant from blood. In the wake of animating the upper atria it invigorates the ventricles electrically, comparatively it influences the left atria and ventricle in this grouping. On the off chance that we go top to bottom we will come to realize that everything capacity of body is being constrained by the sensory system, here sensory system is discharging the adrenaline the adrenaline is calculable to speed up the flashes every moment, the ordinary heart pulsates are 72 every moment except incase of fever, energy, stress or any psychological or physical pressure can speedup the pace of heart thumps in result short of breath condition happen while on the other during resting circumstance it is diminished . Let us talk about the stages or stepping stool which happens in the electrical movement of heart ,As we have talked before it is produced in the sinoatrial hub (SAN) which is situated in unrivaled Right office of heart this is the area from where these electrical driving forces spread to the artrioventricular hub ( AVN ) artrioventricular hub is seen between the atria and ventricles. In the wake of coming to at (AVN) these electrical motivation are send to the into expanding tissues right group branch is named as (RBBB) and left pack branch is named is as the (LBBB) there are further more division to there Left pack branches which are known as fascicles most importantly electrical driving forces are created in SAN which essential makes the privilege and left atria to settlement and after couple of seconds it makes both ways ventricle to get this depolarization happens ceaselessly in each 2-3 seconds, when SAN is very still it makes 60-70 signals brief rate can be speedup by SAN because of activity or and physical movement which can deliver worried up condition. When SAN neglects to work AVN can takes its position however AVN is delayed as contrast with SAN the explanation is that SAN at resting position produces 60-7-signals while AVN at resting position produces 30-40 signs which are extremely less as contrast with SAN’S signals. ( How heart functions) this arrangement of electrical exercises of heart can be noted by electrocardiogram this is the procedure by which exercises can be enlisted on paper by extraordinary cathode use for this procedure (Heart Electrical Activity). In human body there are numerous synthetic compounds found each concoction has its own obligation appoint commonly in guideline of heart there are likewise not many synthetic substances included which invigorates the capacity of heart . Neuroendocrine framework encourages heart to keep up its guideline this framework is connected with the cerebrum and endocrine framework this is the framework wherein neurons and endocrine framework cooperate electrical driving forces are given by SAN while the endocrine framework gives the substance motivations , Neuroendocrine framework is the mind boggling framework which cooperate this is muddled framework , it utilizes the nerve image to and changes the movement of cells too the width of veins it can likewise impact the pulse and the pace of constriction. ( Heart Failure) Electrochemical exercises of heart invigorate the heart thumps heart guideline, they assume significant job throughout everyday life, in the body as everything relies on the capacity of hearts since when heart gets electrical incitement it transport/siphons the blood to the framework another factor which helps in siphoning the blood is heart pulsates which is likewise produced by incitement of muscles. standard heart thumps are 72 every moment which are made by incitement of heart muscles yet on the off chance that they are not exactly harmfl influences are conceivable to the body the less then typical heart pulsates could be 35 †40 heart thumps for every moment at that point circulation system to body’s organ diminishes which is risky (How heart works) It is a firm accept that decrease in I diminishes AP polarization which in result lessens the electrochemical plunging power likewise measure of SR Ca is additionally decreases which is fundamental for the withdrawal of hearts muscles on the off chance that we go top to bottom we will come to realize that Na, I, K additionally decreases because of some variation from the norm and it resembles a chain framework on the off chance that one thing is influenced the whole framework will be influenced however here we are sescribing just the misfortune cause by decrease in Ca as Ca is decreased it decreases heart pulsates and blood transport is decreased if thing isn't spread soon it can cause winded condition as blood conveys oxygen and decrease in heart thumps diminishes blood transport so this is one terrible characteristic for body. Additionally decrease in I causes decrease in polarization this framework is interlinked with one an other. It has likewise been accepted that potassium K ch anges into HF and HF diminishes Ca, it has been seen that numerous late HF patients who doesn’t notice their illness before gets passing in view of heart variation from the norm, DADs, EADs and Refs diminished the measure of Ca in myocytes this decreased measure of Ca in myocytes causes systolic disjunction in Hf. Systolic methods when heart contracts it is named a systolic and when it rest it is named diastolic so here Reduction of Ca in myocytes decreased the heart withdrawal it is a something else if Ca keep spilling it might cause to death. Electrical and electrochemical guideline of heart Conclusion After perusing this eye catching theme we can concoct the end that heart is probably the greatest endowment of undeniable to people. As nature has dole out capacities to all aspects of the body likewise nature has given uncommon capacity to heart which makes heart critical organ it transmit blood to finish body parts. There are scarcely any electrical and electrochemical conduct found in heart which helps heart in playing out its fundamental capacity that is making heart thumps conveying driving forces. In right chamber of heart sinoatrial hub (SAN) is discovered which additionally fills in as pace creator these sinoatrial hubs are extraordinary cells found in right chamber they produce the electrical motivations which animates the correct chamber cell and hold up except if it get discharged after now these electrical driving forces moves to the atrioventricular hub (AVN) presently these electrical driving forces are send into spreading tissues right group branch is called (RBBB) and left pack branch is named as (LBBB) first it capacities in right chamber and ventricle and afterward in a couple of moments seconds subsequent to playing out its undertaking in right piece of heart it moves to one side piece of the heart and capacities in left chamber and afterward left ventricle this is the manner by which electrical driving forces convey in heart and makes it vacant and top off in couple of seconds. Adrenaline likewise assumes significant job in this procedure here sensory system assumes a significant job it discharged adrenaline to it is synthetic essentially and it is liable for accelerating the flashes ( electrical driving forces) every moment so thusly heart keep on working by electrically and electrochemically. The strategies which has been found by the researcher to record these motivations is ECG electrocardiogram this is later and accommodating strategy to check whether the heart is working typically or not in this technique heart rhythms are noted on paper or screen by exceptionally appointed anode. Presently a days fake pace creator is likewise being made to control anomalies of heart. Here in this significant point we likewise read about that what the absence of any component present of abundance of any component or synthetic can do with our heart. Nature has offered amount to everything expanding from that or diminishing from that ruins the whole framework here we additionally read about the decrease in Ca, Ca is fundamental need of heart to proceed with it heart pulsates here we come to realize that decrease in Ca is for the most part brought about by decrease in things which are supporting it in foundation, Ca decrease makes extraordinary misfortune heart that is it diminishes withdrawal pace of heart when the heart begin contracting short of what it is required whole arrangement of body is affected on the grounds that heart conveys blood to all piece of the body if heart begins workin

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Working with GIF images in Delphi

Working with GIF pictures in Delphi Despite the fact that Delphi doesn't locally bolster GIF picture records positions (like BMP or JPEG), there are a couple of incredible (free source) parts accessible on the Net, which add the capacity to show and control GIF pictures at run just as at configuration time to any Delphi application. Locally, Delphi underpins BMP, ICO, WMF, and JPG pictures. These can be stacked into a designs good part, (for example, TImage) and utilized in an application. Its essential to take note of that, as of Delphi rendition 2006, GIF group is bolstered by the VCL. To utilize vivified GIF pictures you would even now require an outsider control. GIFsor Graphics Interchange Formatsare the most generally upheld (bitmap) illustrations design on the Web, both for still pictures and for activitys. Utilizing in Delphi Locally, Delphi (until variant 2007) doesn't bolster GIF pictures, because of some legitimate copyright issues. What this implies, is that when you drop a TImage part on a structure, utilize the Picture Editor (click the ellipsis button in the Value section for properties, for example, the Picture property of TImage) to stack a picture into the TImage, you won't have an alternative to stack GIF pictures. Luckily, there are a couple of outsider executions on the Internet that offer full help for the GIF position: TGIFImage: free with source (a form of Anders Melanders TGIFImage ported to Delphi 7). Full TGraphic usage of the GIF illustrations position. Peruses, composes and shows energized and straightforward GIFs and can change over to and from any configuration bolstered by TGraphic (e.g TBitmap, TJPEGImage, TIcon, TMetaFile, and so on.). Actualizes the total GIF87a and GIF89a particular and most normal GIF expansions. Propelled highlights include:Integrates with TPicture to add GIF backing to the TImage, TOpenPictureDialog and TSavePictureDialog parts. Additionally works at structure time.Imports pictures with in excess of 256 hues utilizing shading quantization and 6 diverse vacillating strategies (for example Floyd-​Steinberg).Multi-strung drawing engine.GIF streamlining agent decreases the size of your GIFs.GIF to AVI and AVI to GIF converter.GraphicEx picture library: an addendum to Delphis Graphics.pas to empower your application to stack numerous regular picture positions. Thi s library is basically intended to stack pictures as foundation (catches, structures, toolbars) and surfaces (DirectX, OpenGL) or for picture perusing and altering purposes as long as you dont need to spare pictures. At present, just TTargaGraphic additionally bolsters sparing a picture. GraphicEx is open source under the Mozilla Public License (MPL). That is about it. Presently you should simply to download one of the segments and begin utilizing gif pictures in your applications.You can, for instance: Store GIF pictures in a database table. Youll need the GIF pictures enchantment numbers.Show GIF designs as Glyph on a SpeedButton.Store GIF illustrations and a HTML document as aâ resourceâ inside am exe.

Commitment to Excellence Essay Samples

Commitment to Excellence Essay SamplesThere are a lot of different essay samples available to students who are in need of the highest quality essays for their AP Calculus test. As many of these essays may be required for college credit, the essays are usually more important than the test.The tests in the multiple choice sections are not that difficult and therefore students do not have to worry about being slow. Students who take the test on the Internet need to be sure that they take the most accurate tests. These tests will have different grammar and punctuation errors that can be easily fixed if a student takes the time to do it properly.Commitment to Excellence offers some of the best essay samples in the marketplace. The company believes that students should be given the opportunity to gain as much exposure as possible. They offer personalized attention with essays that test their commitment to excellence, and they believe that it is worth it.Commitment to Excellence is based in South Carolina. They are dedicated to providing high quality tests that are easy to understand. Their website features a wide variety of test question samples so that students can choose the best ones to make their essays stand out.Commitment to Excellence gives high grades to students who consistently provide the highest quality work for their essays. They allow their customers to create and upload their own essays for testing purposes. These essays can also be printed and given to other students who need it.The tests are easy enough that students can use them in the classroom. The essays require the students to read several texts, answer questions, and turn in their essays for scoring. All of this is done through the website.The essay samples also include an analysis component that helps students learn about how to write very impressive essays and also how to analyze their own essays. This helps the students understand how to make their work stand out and allows them to discover their writing strengths and weaknesses.Students love the opportunity to be able to take the tests anytime and anywhere. It allows them to take these tests at home or in class and so they can review the materials whenever they need to. They also save money since they are not paying a premium price to be taken to the test site.

Life in Vietnam Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Life in Vietnam - Research Paper Example All things considered, U.S slowly started to pull out its powers in 1969 when the war appeared to be nonstop (Oraclethinkquest, n.d). Further, it expresses that Vietnamese battled France for authority over Vietnam during the main phases of war. As of now, French were the settlement of Vietnam. Vietnamese won and that is the reason there was north and South Vietnam. Harry S Truman had a technique that the unified state must guide any state defenseless by socialists. The following three leader of the US received Truman’s approach and they imagined that in the event that one of the southeast states gave up to the socialist, they would all fall in a steady progression. In April 1967, Martin Luther King censured American for participating in the Vietnam War, the liberals’ war. Vietnam War had as of now and would proceed to converge with the commanding political and social period developments. Be that as it may, the New York lord message which was all the more striking and obviously built up the traditions in which social equality, issues in Vietnam, class at home, race, and the deficiency and assurance of progressivism were organized than different scenes during the 1960s (Buzzanco, 1999). The lord was certain that there was an association between the US war in Vietnam and the battle against neediness at home and battle for common right. Vietnam’s government was showing untrustworthiness in racial issues, as African-Americans and different minorities in the early long stretches of war were kicking the bucket in incredibly high rate however just little extent of the populace was represented. This was the point at which the United states started sending fastens and assets into Southeast Asia. The lord viewed the military submit equity and local equity. Vietnam produced the greatest mass denunciation development in the US history. The war prevented common right development and against neediness and radicalized developments related with those issues; revealed the limitations of liberal change; brought different developments into reality, similar to freedom of ladies or the

Friday, August 21, 2020

Teaching science to children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Instructing science to youngsters - Essay Example All things considered, it is significant that understudies are instructed how to see the world with a logically exact eye, which is the reason the usage of science extends in a school’s educational program is significant for the development of a student’s information. Diverse learning instruments made in the method of exercise plans have been intended to assist understudies with seeing a portion of the regular wonders around them. These exercises included the comprehension of the spread of microscopic organisms and germs, just as the maturation of yeast and its uses in food creation and in other industry organizations. The understudies had the option to watch and examination direct what number of these procedures are experienced. The consequences of these trials not just profited the information on the understudies by permitting them to observe logical wonders, yet it likewise permits us to get a handle on the most ideal ways that understudies can be shown these techniq ues. 1. Presentation: Science shows a comprehension of our general surroundings by invigorating a child’s expectation and investigation of regular wonders. Instructing science includes leading techniques for Investigation to urge innovative idea and to exhibit how science can immensy affect our future and to accomplish propelled clinical biotechnology, hereditary designing food creation and wellbeing, agrarian biotechnology, and treatment of ecological waste. Encouraging science likewise means to improve children’s verbal and composing aptitudes to turn out to be all the more deductively educated (N.A. 2009). Powerful training style requires the adjustment of effective standards and techniques by educators that were utilized as an aide for productive conveyance to happen. Preceding setting up showing strategies, the children’s foundation information and condition ought to be thought of. Educators ought to know that understudies have diverse learning capacities, and as such unique learning strategies ought to be utilized during exercises to coordinate their various capacities. An exercise plan would then be able to be structured. These plans express the particular learning objectives of every exercise for instructors to follow in a structure that can be completed in a few different ways: entire class conversations, clarifying, experimentation, exhibit, bunch work, and appraisal of pupils’ work. It additionally causes students to accomplish profound comprehension of the material and to get interested and quick to secure more information about logical wonders (Fredericks 2005). The science educational plan is an announcement about the chose components of science for instructing from a wide scope of conceivable outcomes. National educational program necessitates that instructing that incorporates logical examination is required to be conveyed through settings acquired from life procedures and living things, â€Å"which includes the exp lanation that smaller scale living beings are living life forms that are frequently too little to even consider being seen, and that they might be useful [in the breakdown of waste or in making bread] or hurtful [in causing malady or in making food go mouldy] (Stubbs 1999).† Bringing science into school ventures was an errand that should have been ready to be done in schools. The point of encouraging science in schools is to give a review of the microbial world and to create children’s aptitudes and information to more readily comprehend the miniaturized scale life forms subject of science and how it very well may be displayed in modern procedures. The point of training science extends to raise students’ consciousness of the major employments of smaller scale living beings and their sporadic nature, which

Business Ethics †Profit vs. Csr Essay Sample free essay sample

In today’s globalized universe where free market financial frameworks are the main thrust behind organizations immutable pursue of augmentation of total compensations. at that spot is by all accounts an away from of cultural qualities and committedness to working society. This exposition will turn the noticeable radiation on how concern organisations’ extreme reason for existing is to deliver overall gains and CSR exercises are optional if non regularly overlooked. The paper has the spot that CSR undertakings are late being recognized as non just great to society yet every piece great to worry over the long haul. The allurement of rapid overall gains has now provably hurt the believability of huge worries with dark impacts for concern each piece great as society. In short. concern closes should continuously consider the to be of all partners as all of import if society’s religion in advertise entrepreneur economy is non to be completely relinquished. We will compose a custom article test on Business Ethics †Profit versus Csr Essay Sample or then again any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Henceforth in this paper I will reason for CSR endeavors and how organizations today can non last without convey throughing certain obligations they have towards society. Presently. let’s Begin by understanding the purpose of position of observed American monetary master Milton Friedman. he accepted that expansion of total compensation is the cardinal drivers or cardinal premises in a free market financial framework and that corporate administrators were representatives of the owners of the worry and that their cultural obligation is towards the investors of the organization and expanding investors esteem. In short. he contended that the cultural obligation of any worry was to deliver total compensations as increasingly total compensations would take to higher profits or capital handle. ( Milton Friedman. The New York Times Magazine. thirteenth September. 1970 ) Let’s take an articulation at probably the biggest occasion of chapter 11 that started off the most exceedingly terrible monetary emergency in America and universe over. The Lehman Brothers liquidation occurrence carried the full universe to a stop. the organization hauled the fu ll universe into a monetary emergency with more than 26000 workers losing occupations and 1000000s of financial specialists lost pretty much the entirety of their cash and this happened in light of the fact that Lehman Brothers had acquired colossal measures of cash to support their different investings and in the methodology were misrepresenting the overall gains in their accounting reports. ( CBS News. CBS Interactive Inc. 22nd April. 2012 ) Consequently. in my position Milton Friedman’s articulation on augmentation of total compensation being the select obligation of a worry needs a genuine reconsidering as the ‘Lehman Brothers moment’ non only prompted a massive financial surrender however adjacent to hauled the United States into a downturn. So taking a gander at it from the purpose of position of a worry try. the moral difficulty would be whether to make maximal overall gains for investors as they a company’s finishing up obligation is towards them or to find some kind of harmony between total compensation coevals each piece great as shipping out cultural obligations keeping up in head the general public at enormous. Be that as it may. shipping out CSR exercises can take to a few advantages for an organization and enveloping such exercises can help their anxiety in arranged manners. Let’s have an articulation at a portion of the advantages arsing from CSR undertakings: †¢Brand separation? organizations set abouting CSR undertakings will in general happen their ain alone way of situating their exchange name and a chance to separate themselves from other exchange names. by and by in the example of Coke and Pepsi. both received they ain assaults to CSR by following a plan of zero net H2O utilize and bring forthing bottles made out of manageable bundling. Despite the fact that in their occurrence since the two organizations are practicing comparative CSR exercises they may happen it hard to recognize their exchange names however in the long count they would arraign CSR exercises genuinely rather than only from the purpose of position of exposure. †¢Engaging the client? Organizations today. arraign CSR exercises so as to indict shoppers and do them discerning about certain natural perils and how they have to do the correct picks while buying stocks. Henceforth. by making so they are using the intensity of commercial to propel their CSR exercises and make a picture of a socially dependable exchange name the eyes of customers. An outline of such an organization is Walmart, that made promotion runs that were worked around making. awareness about the earth and product picks customers ought to do †¢Cost investment funds? reducing down expenses of creation is one of the ways by which organizations can get down their excursion in supportability that is by either utilizing less bundling or less vitality. A CSR concentrate in 2011 recommends that General Mills set aside to $ 600. 000 by put ining vitality administering meters on a few hardware pieces. ( James Epstein-Reeves. Forbes. 21st February. 2012 ) Thus the previously mentioned focuses are away from of organizations that have profited by CSR exercises and in twist have given to society in a specific way. These representations are away from of the way that an organization does non require to hold only one plan and that is benefit expansion. as by indicting CSR endeavors they are non just doing total compensations however are benefiting from a bunch of different aspects, for example, cooperative attitude. improved exchange name picture and a more extensive pool of customers in the system. In a way one can utilize the val uable assault to organizations indicting CSR exercises. Utilitarianism proposes that judgments refering to a worry are appropriate only if those conclusions make the best useful for the best figure of people ( EBEN Research Conference. Dublin. eighth †tenth June 2012 ) subsequently when organizations enjoy CSR endeavors where they are either delicate to nature or enjoy exercises that help in the upliftment of the more vulnerable regions of society they are in twist making the maximal great. Utilization of CSR in Marketing Known to man of promoting where an army exchange names exist in a given class. organizations discover it exceptionally hard to separate themselves from their adversaries and hence today organizations have begun using CSR endeavors as way to propel themselves and spot themselves as a progressively practical or condition cordial exchange name. Purchasers today are going increasingly witting about the varying ecological perils and with the media checking every single move of good realized exchange names. customers are simple refreshed on the most recent knowledge about organizations and in this way nil stays escaped them. Henceforth. in such a situation organizations utilize their promotion and offering endeavors to propel all their CSR exercises in order to make a specific picture in the leaders of the buyers. In my position. ordinarily organizations wind up working these CSR endeavors by using them as an instrument to bring through their selling requests. In Decision In any case. so as to be socially capable organizations need to genuinely arraign CSR exercises and non use them to use their inner self inclusions. Organizations ought to use ad to do buyers progressively witting about their condition and the significance of rationing assets. Organizations could other than use their offering endeavors to enlighten customers on how their examples being developed of stocks are supportable and how the organization is profoundly witting about getting along ideal utilization of assets without over working them. In a perfect situation. this is the manner by which organizations ought to change their selling exercises to extend a picture of beingsocially mindful. List of sources †¢http:/www. Colorado. edu/studentgroups/libertarians/issues/friedman-soc-resp-business. html †¢http:/www. cbsnews. com/8301-18560_162-57417397/the-body of evidence against-lehman-siblings/†¢http:/www. forbes. com/locales/csr/2012/02/21/six-reasons-organizations should-grasp csr/†¢http:/ebeni. wordpress. com/choices/hypotheses/results/utiliarianism/